Appendix C. SQL Key Words
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## Appendix C. SQL Key Words

Table C.1 lists all tokens that are key words in the SQL standard and in PostgreSQL™ 18.6. Background information can be found in Section 4.1.1. (For space reasons, only the latest two versions of the SQL standard, and SQL-92 for historical comparison, are included. The differences between those and the other intermediate standard versions are small.)

SQL distinguishes between reserved and non-reserved key words. According to the standard, reserved key words are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers. Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables and functions specified by SQL. The concept of non-reserved key words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning is attached to a word in some contexts.

In the PostgreSQL™ parser, life is a bit more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those that have absolutely no special status in the parser, but are considered ordinary identifiers. (The latter is usually the case for functions specified by SQL.) Even reserved key words are not completely reserved in PostgreSQL™, but can be used as column labels (for example, `SELECT 55 AS CHECK`, even though CHECK is a reserved key word).

In Table C.1 in the column for PostgreSQL™ we classify as “non-reserved” those key words that are explicitly known to the parser but are allowed as column or table names. Some key words that are otherwise non-reserved cannot be used as function or data type names and are marked accordingly. (Most of these words represent built-in functions or data types with special syntax. The function or type is still available but it cannot be redefined by the user.) Labeled “reserved” are those tokens that are not allowed as column or table names. Some reserved key words are allowable as names for functions or data types; this is also shown in the table. If not so marked, a reserved key word is only allowed as a column label. A blank entry in this column means that the word is treated as an ordinary identifier by PostgreSQL™.

Furthermore, while most key words can be used as “bare” column labels without writing `AS` before them (as described in Section 7.3.2), there are a few that require a leading `AS` to avoid ambiguity. These are marked in the table as “requires `AS`”.

As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors for commands that use any of the listed key words as an identifier, you should try quoting the identifier to see if the problem goes away.

It is important to understand before studying Table C.1 that the fact that a key word is not reserved in PostgreSQL™ does not mean that the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature.

Table C.1. SQL Key Words

Key Word | PostgreSQL™ | SQL:2023 | SQL:2016 | SQL-92
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
A |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ABORT | non-reserved |  |  |
ABS |  | reserved | reserved |
ABSENT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ABSOLUTE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
ACCESS | non-reserved |  |  |
ACCORDING |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ACOS |  | reserved | reserved |
ACTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
ADA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
ADD | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
ADMIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
AFTER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
AGGREGATE | non-reserved |  |  |
ALL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
ALLOCATE |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
ALSO | non-reserved |  |  |
ALTER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
ALWAYS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ANALYSE | reserved |  |  |
ANALYZE | reserved |  |  |
AND | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
ANY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
ANY_VALUE |  | reserved |  |
ARE |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
ARRAY | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved |
ARRAY_AGG |  | reserved | reserved |
ARRAY_​MAX_​CARDINALITY |  | reserved | reserved |
AS | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
ASC | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
ASENSITIVE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ASIN |  | reserved | reserved |
ASSERTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
ASSIGNMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ASYMMETRIC | reserved | reserved | reserved |
AT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
ATAN |  | reserved | reserved |
ATOMIC | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ATTACH | non-reserved |  |  |
ATTRIBUTE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ATTRIBUTES |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
AUTHORIZATION | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
AVG |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
BACKWARD | non-reserved |  |  |
BASE64 |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
BEFORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
BEGIN | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
BEGIN_FRAME |  | reserved | reserved |
BEGIN_PARTITION |  | reserved | reserved |
BERNOULLI |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
BETWEEN | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
BIGINT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
BINARY | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
BIT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) |  |  | reserved
BIT_LENGTH |  |  |  | reserved
BLOB |  | reserved | reserved |
BLOCKED |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
BOM |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
BOOLEAN | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
BOTH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
BREADTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
BTRIM |  | reserved |  |
BY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
C |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CACHE | non-reserved |  |  |
CALL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CALLED | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CARDINALITY |  | reserved | reserved |
CASCADE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
CASCADED | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CASE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CAST | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
CATALOG_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CEIL |  | reserved | reserved |
CEILING |  | reserved | reserved |
CHAIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
CHAINING |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
CHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type), requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
CHARACTER | non-reserved (cannot be function or type), requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
CHARACTERISTICS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
CHARACTERS |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
CHARACTER_LENGTH |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
CHARACTER_​SET_​CATALOG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CHAR_LENGTH |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
CHECK | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CHECKPOINT | non-reserved |  |  |
CLASS | non-reserved |  |  |
CLASSIFIER |  | reserved | reserved |
CLASS_ORIGIN |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CLOB |  | reserved | reserved |
CLOSE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CLUSTER | non-reserved |  |  |
COALESCE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
COBOL |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
COLLATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
COLLATION | reserved (can be function or type) | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
COLLATION_CATALOG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
COLLATION_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
COLLATION_SCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
COLLECT |  | reserved | reserved |
COLUMN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
COLUMNS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
COLUMN_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
COMMAND_​FUNCTION_​CODE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
COMMENT | non-reserved |  |  |
COMMENTS | non-reserved |  |  |
COMMIT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
COMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
COMPRESSION | non-reserved |  |  |
CONCURRENTLY | reserved (can be function or type) |  |  |
CONDITION |  | reserved | reserved |
CONDITIONAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
CONDITION_NUMBER |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CONFIGURATION | non-reserved |  |  |
CONFLICT | non-reserved |  |  |
CONNECT |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
CONNECTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
CONNECTION_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CONSTRAINT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CONSTRAINTS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CONSTRUCTOR |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
CONTAINS |  | reserved | reserved |
CONTENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
CONTINUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
CONTROL |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
CONVERSION | non-reserved |  |  |
CONVERT |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
COPARTITION |  | non-reserved |  |
COPY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CORR |  | reserved | reserved |
CORRESPONDING |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
COS |  | reserved | reserved |
COSH |  | reserved | reserved |
COST | non-reserved |  |  |
COUNT |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
COVAR_POP |  | reserved | reserved |
COVAR_SAMP |  | reserved | reserved |
CREATE | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
CROSS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
CSV | non-reserved |  |  |
CUBE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CUME_DIST |  | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CURRENT_CATALOG | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_DATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CURRENT_​DEFAULT_​TRANSFORM_​GROUP |  | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_PATH |  | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_ROLE | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_ROW |  | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_SCHEMA | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_TIME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CURRENT_​TRANSFORM_​GROUP_​FOR_​TYPE |  | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CURSOR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
CURSOR_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
CYCLE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DATA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
DATABASE | non-reserved |  |  |
DATALINK |  | reserved | reserved |
DATE |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
DATETIME_​INTERVAL_​CODE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
DATETIME_​INTERVAL_​PRECISION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
DAY | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
DB |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DEALLOCATE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
DEC | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
DECFLOAT |  | reserved | reserved |
DECIMAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
DECLARE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
DEFAULT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
DEFAULTS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DEFERRABLE | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
DEFERRED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
DEFINE |  | reserved | reserved |
DEFINED |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DEFINER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DEGREE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DELETE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
DELIMITER | non-reserved |  |  |
DELIMITERS | non-reserved |  |  |
DENSE_RANK |  | reserved | reserved |
DEPENDS | non-reserved |  |  |
DEPTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DEREF |  | reserved | reserved |
DERIVED |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DESC | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
DESCRIBE |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
DESCRIPTOR |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
DETACH | non-reserved |  |  |
DETERMINISTIC |  | reserved | reserved |
DIAGNOSTICS |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
DICTIONARY | non-reserved |  |  |
DISABLE | non-reserved |  |  |
DISCARD | non-reserved |  |  |
DISCONNECT |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
DISPATCH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DISTINCT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
DLNEWCOPY |  | reserved | reserved |
DLPREVIOUSCOPY |  | reserved | reserved |
DLURLCOMPLETE |  | reserved | reserved |
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY |  | reserved | reserved |
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE |  | reserved | reserved |
DLURLPATH |  | reserved | reserved |
DLURLPATHONLY |  | reserved | reserved |
DLURLPATHWRITE |  | reserved | reserved |
DLURLSCHEME |  | reserved | reserved |
DLURLSERVER |  | reserved | reserved |
DLVALUE |  | reserved | reserved |
DO | reserved |  |  |
DOCUMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
DOMAIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
DOUBLE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
DROP | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
DYNAMIC |  | reserved | reserved |
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
DYNAMIC_​FUNCTION_​CODE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
EACH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ELEMENT |  | reserved | reserved |
ELSE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
EMPTY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ENABLE | non-reserved |  |  |
ENCODING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ENCRYPTED | non-reserved |  |  |
END | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
END-EXEC |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
END_FRAME |  | reserved | reserved |
END_PARTITION |  | reserved | reserved |
ENFORCED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ENUM | non-reserved |  |  |
EQUALS |  | reserved | reserved |
ERROR | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ESCAPE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
EVENT | non-reserved |  |  |
EVERY |  | reserved | reserved |
EXCEPT | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
EXCEPTION |  |  |  | reserved
EXCLUDE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
EXCLUDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
EXCLUSIVE | non-reserved |  |  |
EXEC |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
EXECUTE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
EXISTS | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
EXP |  | reserved | reserved |
EXPLAIN | non-reserved |  |  |
EXPRESSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
EXTENSION | non-reserved |  |  |
EXTERNAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
EXTRACT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
FALSE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
FAMILY | non-reserved |  |  |
FETCH | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
FILE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
FILTER | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved |
FINAL |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
FINALIZE | non-reserved |  |  |
FINISH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
FIRST | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
FIRST_VALUE |  | reserved | reserved |
FLAG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
FLOAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
FLOOR |  | reserved | reserved |
FOLLOWING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
FOR | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
FORCE | non-reserved |  |  |
FOREIGN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
FORMAT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
FORTRAN |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
FORWARD | non-reserved |  |  |
FOUND |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
FRAME_ROW |  | reserved | reserved |
FREE |  | reserved | reserved |
FREEZE | reserved (can be function or type) |  |  |
FROM | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
FS |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
FULFILL |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
FULL | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
FUNCTION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
FUNCTIONS | non-reserved |  |  |
FUSION |  | reserved | reserved |
G |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
GENERAL |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
GENERATED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
GET |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
GLOBAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
GO |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
GOTO |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
GRANT | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
GRANTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
GREATEST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved |  |
GROUP | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
GROUPING | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
GROUPS | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
HANDLER | non-reserved |  |  |
HAVING | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
HEADER | non-reserved |  |  |
HEX |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
HIERARCHY |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
HOLD | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
HOUR | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
ID |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
IDENTITY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
IF | non-reserved |  |  |
IGNORE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ILIKE | reserved (can be function or type) |  |  |
IMMEDIATE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
IMMEDIATELY |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
IMMUTABLE | non-reserved |  |  |
IMPLEMENTATION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
IMPLICIT | non-reserved |  |  |
IMPORT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
IN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
INCLUDE | non-reserved |  |  |
INCLUDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
INCREMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
INDENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
INDEX | non-reserved |  |  |
INDEXES | non-reserved |  |  |
INDICATOR |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
INHERIT | non-reserved |  |  |
INHERITS | non-reserved |  |  |
INITIAL |  | reserved | reserved |
INITIALLY | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
INLINE | non-reserved |  |  |
INNER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
INOUT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
INPUT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
INSENSITIVE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
INSERT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
INSTANCE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
INSTANTIABLE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
INSTEAD | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
INT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
INTEGER | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
INTEGRITY |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
INTERSECT | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
INTERSECTION |  | reserved | reserved |
INTERVAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
INTO | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
INVOKER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
IS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
ISNULL | reserved (can be function or type), requires `AS` |  |  |
ISOLATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
JOIN | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
JSON | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved |  |
JSON_ARRAY | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
JSON_ARRAYAGG | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
JSON_EXISTS | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
JSON_OBJECT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
JSON_OBJECTAGG | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
JSON_QUERY | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
JSON_SCALAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved |  |
JSON_SERIALIZE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved |  |
JSON_TABLE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
JSON_TABLE_PRIMITIVE |  | reserved | reserved |
JSON_VALUE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
K |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
KEEP | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
KEY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
KEYS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
KEY_MEMBER |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
KEY_TYPE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
LABEL | non-reserved |  |  |
LAG |  | reserved | reserved |
LANGUAGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
LARGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
LAST | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
LAST_VALUE |  | reserved | reserved |
LATERAL | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LEAD |  | reserved | reserved |
LEADING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
LEAKPROOF | non-reserved |  |  |
LEAST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved |  |
LEFT | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
LENGTH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
LEVEL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
LIBRARY |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
LIKE | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
LIKE_REGEX |  | reserved | reserved |
LIMIT | reserved, requires `AS` | non-reserved | non-reserved |
LINK |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
LISTAGG |  | reserved | reserved |
LISTEN | non-reserved |  |  |
LN |  | reserved | reserved |
LOAD | non-reserved |  |  |
LOCAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
LOCALTIME | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LOCALTIMESTAMP | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LOCATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
LOCATOR |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
LOCK | non-reserved |  |  |
LOCKED | non-reserved |  |  |
LOG |  | reserved | reserved |
LOG10 |  | reserved | reserved |
LOGGED | non-reserved |  |  |
LOWER |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
LPAD |  | reserved |  |
LTRIM |  | reserved |  |
M |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
MAP |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
MAPPING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
MATCH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
MATCHED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
MATCHES |  | reserved | reserved |
MATCH_NUMBER |  | reserved | reserved |
MATCH_RECOGNIZE |  | reserved | reserved |
MATERIALIZED | non-reserved |  |  |
MAX |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
MAXVALUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
MEASURES |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
MEMBER |  | reserved | reserved |
MERGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
MERGE_ACTION | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) |  |  |
MESSAGE_LENGTH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
MESSAGE_TEXT |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
METHOD | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
MIN |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
MINUTE | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
MINVALUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
MOD |  | reserved | reserved |
MODE | non-reserved |  |  |
MODIFIES |  | reserved | reserved |
MODULE |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
MONTH | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
MORE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
MOVE | non-reserved |  |  |
MULTISET |  | reserved | reserved |
MUMPS |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
NAMES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
NAMESPACE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NATIONAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
NATURAL | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
NCHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
NCLOB |  | reserved | reserved |
NESTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NESTING |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NEW | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
NEXT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
NFC | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NFD | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NFKC | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NFKD | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NIL |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NO | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
NONE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
NORMALIZE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
NORMALIZED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NOT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
NOTHING | non-reserved |  |  |
NOTIFY | non-reserved |  |  |
NOTNULL | reserved (can be function or type), requires `AS` |  |  |
NOWAIT | non-reserved |  |  |
NTH_VALUE |  | reserved | reserved |
NTILE |  | reserved | reserved |
NULL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
NULLABLE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
NULLIF | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
NULLS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NULL_ORDERING |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NUMBER |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
NUMERIC | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
OBJECT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OBJECTS | non-reserved |  |  |
OCCURRENCE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OCCURRENCES_REGEX |  | reserved | reserved |
OCTETS |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OCTET_LENGTH |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
OF | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
OFF | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OFFSET | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved |
OIDS | non-reserved |  |  |
OLD | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
OMIT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ON | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
ONE |  | reserved | reserved |
ONLY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
OPEN |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
OPERATOR | non-reserved |  |  |
OPTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
OPTIONS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
ORDER | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
ORDERING |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ORDINALITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OTHERS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OUT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
OUTER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
OUTPUT |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
OVER | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved |
OVERFLOW |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OVERLAPS | reserved (can be function or type), requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
OVERLAY | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
OVERRIDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
OWNED | non-reserved |  |  |
OWNER | non-reserved |  |  |
P |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PAD |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
PARALLEL | non-reserved |  |  |
PARAMETER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PARAMETER_MODE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PARAMETER_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PARAMETER_​ORDINAL_​POSITION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PARAMETER_​SPECIFIC_​CATALOG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PARAMETER_​SPECIFIC_​NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PARAMETER_​SPECIFIC_​SCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PARSER | non-reserved |  |  |
PARTIAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
PARTITION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PASCAL |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
PASS |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PASSING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PASSTHROUGH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PASSWORD | non-reserved |  |  |
PAST |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PATH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PATTERN |  | reserved | reserved |
PER |  | reserved | reserved |
PERCENT |  | reserved | reserved |
PERCENTILE_CONT |  | reserved | reserved |
PERCENTILE_DISC |  | reserved | reserved |
PERCENT_RANK |  | reserved | reserved |
PERIOD | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PERMISSION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PERMUTE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PIPE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PLACING | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PLAN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PLANS | non-reserved |  |  |
PLI |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
POLICY | non-reserved |  |  |
PORTION |  | reserved | reserved |
POSITION | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
POSITION_REGEX |  | reserved | reserved |
POWER |  | reserved | reserved |
PRECEDES |  | reserved | reserved |
PRECEDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PRECISION | non-reserved (cannot be function or type), requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
PREPARE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
PREPARED | non-reserved |  |  |
PRESERVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
PREV |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PRIMARY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
PRIOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
PRIVATE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PRIVILEGES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
PROCEDURAL | non-reserved |  |  |
PROCEDURE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
PROCEDURES | non-reserved |  |  |
PROGRAM | non-reserved |  |  |
PRUNE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
PTF |  | reserved | reserved |
PUBLIC |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
PUBLICATION | non-reserved |  |  |
QUOTE | non-reserved |  |  |
QUOTES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
RANGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
RANK |  | reserved | reserved |
READ | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
READS |  | reserved | reserved |
REAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
REASSIGN | non-reserved |  |  |
RECOVERY |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
RECURSIVE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
REF | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
REFERENCES | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
REFERENCING | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
REFRESH | non-reserved |  |  |
REGR_AVGX |  | reserved | reserved |
REGR_AVGY |  | reserved | reserved |
REGR_COUNT |  | reserved | reserved |
REGR_INTERCEPT |  | reserved | reserved |
REGR_R2 |  | reserved | reserved |
REGR_SLOPE |  | reserved | reserved |
REGR_SXX |  | reserved | reserved |
REGR_SXY |  | reserved | reserved |
REGR_SYY |  | reserved | reserved |
REINDEX | non-reserved |  |  |
RELATIVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
RELEASE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
RENAME | non-reserved |  |  |
REPEATABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
REPLACE | non-reserved |  |  |
REPLICA | non-reserved |  |  |
REQUIRING |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
RESET | non-reserved |  |  |
RESPECT |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
RESTART | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
RESTORE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
RESTRICT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
RESULT |  | reserved | reserved |
RETURN | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
RETURNED_CARDINALITY |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
RETURNED_LENGTH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
RETURNED_​OCTET_​LENGTH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
RETURNED_SQLSTATE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
RETURNING | reserved, requires `AS` | non-reserved | non-reserved |
RETURNS | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
REVOKE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
RIGHT | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
ROLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ROLLBACK | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
ROLLUP | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ROUTINE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ROUTINES | non-reserved |  |  |
ROUTINE_CATALOG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ROUTINE_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ROUTINE_SCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ROW | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
ROWS | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
ROW_COUNT |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
ROW_NUMBER |  | reserved | reserved |
RPAD |  | reserved |  |
RTRIM |  | reserved |  |
RULE | non-reserved |  |  |
RUNNING |  | reserved | reserved |
SAVEPOINT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SCALAR | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SCALE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
SCHEMAS | non-reserved |  |  |
SCHEMA_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
SCOPE |  | reserved | reserved |
SCOPE_CATALOG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SCOPE_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SCOPE_SCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SCROLL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
SEARCH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SECOND | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
SECTION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
SECURITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SEEK |  | reserved | reserved |
SELECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
SELECTIVE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SELF |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SEMANTICS |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SENSITIVE |  | reserved | reserved |
SEQUENCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SEQUENCES | non-reserved |  |  |
SERIALIZABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
SERVER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SERVER_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
SESSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
SESSION_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
SET | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
SETOF | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) |  |  |
SETS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SHARE | non-reserved |  |  |
SHOW | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SIMILAR | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
SIMPLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SIN |  | reserved | reserved |
SINH |  | reserved | reserved |
SIZE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
SKIP | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SMALLINT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
SNAPSHOT | non-reserved |  |  |
SOME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
SORT_DIRECTION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SOURCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SPACE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
SPECIFIC |  | reserved | reserved |
SPECIFICTYPE |  | reserved | reserved |
SPECIFIC_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SQL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
SQLCODE |  |  |  | reserved
SQLERROR |  |  |  | reserved
SQLEXCEPTION |  | reserved | reserved |
SQLSTATE |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
SQLWARNING |  | reserved | reserved |
SQRT |  | reserved | reserved |
STABLE | non-reserved |  |  |
STANDALONE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
START | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
STATE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
STATEMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
STATIC |  | reserved | reserved |
STATISTICS | non-reserved |  |  |
STDDEV_POP |  | reserved | reserved |
STDDEV_SAMP |  | reserved | reserved |
STDIN | non-reserved |  |  |
STDOUT | non-reserved |  |  |
STORAGE | non-reserved |  |  |
STORED | non-reserved |  |  |
STRICT | non-reserved |  |  |
STRING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
STRIP | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
STRUCTURE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
STYLE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
SUBMULTISET |  | reserved | reserved |
SUBSCRIPTION | non-reserved |  |  |
SUBSET |  | reserved | reserved |
SUBSTRING | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
SUBSTRING_REGEX |  | reserved | reserved |
SUCCEEDS |  | reserved | reserved |
SUM |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
SUPPORT | non-reserved |  |  |
SYMMETRIC | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SYSID | non-reserved |  |  |
SYSTEM | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SYSTEM_TIME |  | reserved | reserved |
SYSTEM_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
T |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TABLE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
TABLES | non-reserved |  |  |
TABLESAMPLE | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
TABLESPACE | non-reserved |  |  |
TABLE_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
TAN |  | reserved | reserved |
TANH |  | reserved | reserved |
TARGET | non-reserved |  |  |
TEMP | non-reserved |  |  |
TEMPLATE | non-reserved |  |  |
TEMPORARY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
TEXT | non-reserved |  |  |
THEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
THROUGH |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TIES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TIME | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
TIMESTAMP | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
TIMEZONE_HOUR |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
TO | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
TOKEN |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TOP_LEVEL_COUNT |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRAILING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
TRANSACTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
TRANSACTIONS_​COMMITTED |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRANSACTIONS_​ROLLED_​BACK |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRANSFORM | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRANSFORMS |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRANSLATE |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
TRANSLATE_REGEX |  | reserved | reserved |
TRANSLATION |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
TREAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
TRIGGER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
TRIGGER_CATALOG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRIGGER_NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRIGGER_SCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
TRIM | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
TRIM_ARRAY |  | reserved | reserved |
TRUE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
TRUNCATE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
TRUSTED | non-reserved |  |  |
TYPE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
TYPES | non-reserved |  |  |
UESCAPE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
UNBOUNDED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UNCOMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
UNCONDITIONAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UNDER |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UNENCRYPTED | non-reserved |  |  |
UNION | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
UNIQUE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
UNKNOWN | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
UNLINK |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UNLISTEN | non-reserved |  |  |
UNLOGGED | non-reserved |  |  |
UNMATCHED |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UNNAMED |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved
UNNEST |  | reserved | reserved |
UNTIL | non-reserved |  |  |
UNTYPED |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UPDATE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
UPPER |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
URI |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
USAGE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
USER_​DEFINED_​TYPE_​CATALOG |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
USER_​DEFINED_​TYPE_​CODE |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
USER_​DEFINED_​TYPE_​NAME |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
USER_​DEFINED_​TYPE_​SCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
USING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
UTF16 |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UTF32 |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UTF8 |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
VACUUM | non-reserved |  |  |
VALID | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
VALIDATE | non-reserved |  |  |
VALIDATOR | non-reserved |  |  |
VALUE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
VALUES | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
VALUE_OF |  | reserved | reserved |
VARBINARY |  | reserved | reserved |
VARCHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved
VARIADIC | reserved |  |  |
VARYING | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
VAR_POP |  | reserved | reserved |
VAR_SAMP |  | reserved | reserved |
VERBOSE | reserved (can be function or type) |  |  |
VERSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
VERSIONING |  | reserved | reserved |
VIEW | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
VIEWS | non-reserved |  |  |
VIRTUAL | non-reserved |  |  |
VOLATILE | non-reserved |  |  |
WHEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved
WHENEVER |  | reserved | reserved | reserved
WHERE | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
WHITESPACE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
WIDTH_BUCKET |  | reserved | reserved |
WINDOW | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved |
WITH | reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
WITHIN | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved |
WITHOUT | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved |
WORK | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
WRAPPER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
WRITE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved
XML | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
XMLAGG |  | reserved | reserved |
XMLATTRIBUTES | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLBINARY |  | reserved | reserved |
XMLCAST |  | reserved | reserved |
XMLCOMMENT |  | reserved | reserved |
XMLCONCAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLDECLARATION |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
XMLDOCUMENT |  | reserved | reserved |
XMLELEMENT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLEXISTS | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLFOREST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLITERATE |  | reserved | reserved |
XMLNAMESPACES | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLPARSE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLPI | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLQUERY |  | reserved | reserved |
XMLROOT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) |  |  |
XMLSCHEMA |  | non-reserved | non-reserved |
XMLSERIALIZE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLTABLE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved |
XMLTEXT |  | reserved | reserved |
XMLVALIDATE |  | reserved | reserved |
YEAR | non-reserved, requires `AS` | reserved | reserved | reserved
YES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
ZONE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved

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