A.6.1 Orchestra, choir and piano (LilyPond Learning Manual)

#### A.6.1 Orchestra, choir and piano

This template demonstrates the use of nested `StaffGroup` and `GrandStaff` contexts to sub-group instruments of the same type together, and a way to use `\transpose` so that variables hold music for transposing instruments at concert pitch.

>     #(set-global-staff-size 17)

>     \paper {
>       indent = 3.0\cm  % add space for instrumentName
>       short-indent = 1.5\cm  % add less space for shortInstrumentName
>     }

>     fluteMusic = \relative c' { \key g \major g'1 b }

>     % Pitches as written on a manuscript for Clarinet in A
>     % are transposed to concert pitch.
>     clarinetMusic = \transpose c' a
>       \relative c'' { \key bes \major bes1 d }

>     trumpetMusic = \relative c { \key g \major g''1 b }

>     % Key signature is often omitted for horns
>     hornMusic = \transpose c' f
>       \relative c { d'1 fis }

>     percussionMusic = \relative c { \key g \major g1 b }

>     sopranoMusic = \relative c'' { \key g \major g'1 b }
>     sopranoLyrics = \lyricmode { Lyr -- ics }

>     altoIMusic = \relative c' { \key g \major g'1 b }
>     altoILyrics = \sopranoLyrics
>     altoIIMusic = \relative c' { \key g \major g'1 b }
>     altoIILyrics = \lyricmode { Ah -- ah }

>     tenorMusic = \relative c' { \clef "treble_8" \key g \major g1 b }
>     tenorLyrics = \sopranoLyrics

>     pianoRHMusic = \relative c { \key g \major g''1 b }
>     pianoLHMusic = \relative c { \clef bass \key g \major g1 b }

>     violinIMusic = \relative c' { \key g \major g'1 b }
>     violinIIMusic = \relative c' { \key g \major g'1 b }

>     violaMusic = \relative c { \clef alto \key g \major g'1 b }

>     celloMusic = \relative c { \clef bass \key g \major g1 b }

>     bassMusic = \relative c { \clef "bass_8" \key g \major g,1 b }

>     \book {
>       \score {
>         <<
>           \new StaffGroup = "StaffGroup_woodwinds" <<
>             \new Staff = "Staff_flute" \with { instrumentName = "Flute" }
>               \fluteMusic

>             \new Staff = "Staff_clarinet" \with {
>               instrumentName = \markup { \concat { "Clarinet in B" \flat } }
>             }
>               % Declare that written Middle C in the music
>               % to follow sounds a concert B flat, for
>               % output using sounded pitches such as MIDI.
>               %\transposition bes

>               % Print music for a B-flat clarinet
>               \transpose bes c' \clarinetMusic
>           >>

>           \new StaffGroup = "StaffGroup_brass" <<
>             \new Staff = "Staff_hornI" \with {
>               instrumentName = "Horn in F"
>             }
>               % \transposition f
>               \transpose f c' \hornMusic

>             \new Staff = "Staff_trumpet" \with {
>               instrumentName = "Trumpet in  C"
>             }
>               \trumpetMusic
>           >>

>           \new RhythmicStaff = "RhythmicStaff_percussion" \with {
>             instrumentName = "Percussion"
>           }
>             \percussionMusic

>           \new PianoStaff \with {
>             instrumentName = "Piano"
>           } <<
>             \new Staff { \pianoRHMusic }
>             \new Staff { \pianoLHMusic }
>           >>

>           \new ChoirStaff = "ChoirStaff_choir" <<
>             \new Staff = "Staff_soprano" \with {
>               instrumentName = "Soprano"
>             }
>               \new Voice = "soprano" \sopranoMusic
>               \new Lyrics \lyricsto "soprano" { \sopranoLyrics }

>             \new GrandStaff = "GrandStaff_altos" \with {
>               \accepts Lyrics
>             } <<
>               \new Staff = "Staff_altoI" \with {
>                 instrumentName = "Alto I"
>               }
>                 \new Voice = "altoI"
>                 \altoIMusic
>                 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altoI" { \altoILyrics }
>               \new Staff = "Staff_altoII" \with {
>                 instrumentName = "Alto II"
>               }
>                 \new Voice = "altoII"
>                 \altoIIMusic
>                 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altoII" { \altoIILyrics }
>             >>

>             \new Staff = "Staff_tenor" \with {
>               instrumentName = "Tenor"
>             }
>               \new Voice = "tenor" \tenorMusic
>               \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tenor" { \tenorLyrics }
>           >>

>           \new StaffGroup = "StaffGroup_strings" <<
>             \new GrandStaff = "GrandStaff_violins" <<
>               \new Staff = "Staff_violinI" \with {
>                 instrumentName = "Violin I"
>               }
>                 \violinIMusic
>               \new Staff = "Staff_violinII" \with {
>                 instrumentName = "Violin II"
>               }
>                 \violinIIMusic
>             >>

>             \new Staff = "Staff_viola" \with {
>               instrumentName = "Viola"
>             }
>               \violaMusic

>             \new Staff = "Staff_cello" \with {
>               instrumentName = "Cello"
>             }
>               \celloMusic

>             \new Staff = "Staff_bass" \with {
>               instrumentName = "Double Bass"
>             }
>               \bassMusic
>           >>
>         >>
>       }
>     }

#### LilyPond Learning Manual v2.26.0 (stable-branch).

- 1 Installing
  - 1.1 Graphical setup
  - 1.2 Command line setup
- 2 Tutorial
  - 2.1 Compiling a file
  - 2.2 How to write input files
    - 2.2.1 Input characters
    - 2.2.2 Simple notation
      - Pitches
      - Durations (rhythms)
      - Rests
      - Time signature
      - Tempo marks
      - Clef
      - All together
    - 2.2.3 Working on input files
  - 2.3 Dealing with errors
  - 2.4 How to read the manuals
    - 2.4.1 Omitted material
    - 2.4.2 Clickable examples
    - 2.4.3 Overview of manuals
- 3 Common notation
  - 3.1 Single-staff notation
    - 3.1.1 Bar lines and bar checks
      - Bar lines
      - Bar checks
    - 3.1.2 Pitches and key signatures
      - Pitch alterations
      - Key signatures
      - Warning: key signatures and pitches
    - 3.1.3 Ties and slurs
      - Ties
      - Slurs
      - Phrasing slurs
      - Warnings: slurs vs. ties
    - 3.1.4 Articulations and dynamics
      - Articulations
      - Fingerings
      - Dynamics
    - 3.1.5 Adding text
    - 3.1.6 Automatic and manual beams
    - 3.1.7 Advanced rhythmic commands
      - Partial measure
      - Tuplets
      - Grace notes
  - 3.2 Multiple notes at once
    - 3.2.1 Music expressions explained
      - Analogy: mathematical expressions
      - Simultaneous music expressions: multiple staves
      - Simultaneous music expressions: single-staff
    - 3.2.2 Multiple staves
    - 3.2.3 Staff groups
    - 3.2.4 Combining notes into chords
    - 3.2.5 Single-staff polyphony
  - 3.3 Songs
    - 3.3.1 Setting simple songs
    - 3.3.2 Aligning lyrics to a melody
    - 3.3.3 Lyrics to multiple staves
  - 3.4 Final touches
    - 3.4.1 Organizing pieces with variables
    - 3.4.2 Adding titles
    - 3.4.3 Absolute note names
    - 3.4.4 After the tutorial
- 4 Fundamental concepts
  - 4.1 How LilyPond input files work
    - 4.1.1 Introduction to the LilyPond file structure
    - 4.1.2 A score is a (single) compound musical expression
    - 4.1.3 Nesting music expressions
    - 4.1.4 Structure of a note entry
    - 4.1.5 On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties
  - 4.2 Voices contain music
    - 4.2.1 I’m hearing voices
    - 4.2.2 Explicitly instantiating voices
    - 4.2.3 Voices and vocals
  - 4.3 Contexts and engravers
    - 4.3.1 Contexts explained
    - 4.3.2 Creating contexts
    - 4.3.3 Engravers explained
    - 4.3.4 Modifying context properties
    - 4.3.5 Adding and removing engravers
  - 4.4 Extending the templates
    - 4.4.1 Soprano and cello
    - 4.4.2 Four-part SATB vocal score
    - 4.4.3 Building a score from scratch
    - 4.4.4 Saving typing with variables and functions
    - 4.4.5 Scores and parts
- 5 Tweaking output
  - 5.1 Tweaking basics
    - 5.1.1 Objects and interfaces
    - 5.1.2 Naming conventions of objects and properties
    - 5.1.3 Tweaking methods
      - The `\override` command
      - The `\revert` command
      - The `\once` prefix
      - The `\tweak` and `\offset` commands
      - The `\single` prefix
  - 5.2 The Internals Reference manual
    - 5.2.1 Properties of layout objects
    - 5.2.2 Properties found in interfaces
    - 5.2.3 Types of properties
  - 5.3 Appearance of objects
    - 5.3.1 Visibility and color of objects
      - The `stencil` property
      - The `break-visibility` property
      - The `transparent` property
      - The `color` property
    - 5.3.2 Size of objects
    - 5.3.3 Length and thickness of objects
  - 5.4 Offsets and alignments
  - 5.5 Placement of objects
    - 5.5.1 Automatic behavior
    - 5.5.2 Within-staff objects
      - The `direction` property
      - Fingering
    - 5.5.3 Outside-staff objects
      - The `outside-staff-priority` property
      - The `\textLengthOn` command
      - Dynamics placement
      - Grob sizing
  - 5.6 Vertical spacing
  - 5.7 Collisions of objects
    - 5.7.1 Moving objects
    - 5.7.2 Fixing overlapping notation
      - The `padding` property
      - The `right-padding` property
      - The `staff-padding` property
      - The `self-alignment-X` property
      - The `staff-position` property
      - The `extra-offset` property
      - The `positions` property
      - The `force-hshift` property
    - 5.7.3 Real music example
  - 5.8 Further tweaking
    - 5.8.1 Other uses for tweaks
      - Tying notes across voices
      - Simulating a fermata in MIDI
    - 5.8.2 Using variables for layout adjustments
    - 5.8.3 Style sheets
    - 5.8.4 Other sources of information
    - 5.8.5 Advanced tweaks with Scheme
- Appendix A Templates
  - A.1 Built-in templates
    - A.1.1 SATB template
    - A.1.2 SSAATTBB template
  - A.2 Single staff templates
    - A.2.1 Notes only
    - A.2.2 Notes and lyrics
    - A.2.3 Notes and chords
    - A.2.4 Notes, lyrics, and chords
  - A.3 Piano templates
    - A.3.1 Solo piano
    - A.3.2 Piano and melody with lyrics
    - A.3.3 Piano-centered lyrics
  - A.4 String quartet templates
    - A.4.1 String quartet
    - A.4.2 String quartet parts
  - A.5 Vocal ensembles templates
    - A.5.1 SATB vocal score
    - A.5.2 SATB vocal score and automatic piano reduction
    - A.5.3 SATB with aligned contexts
    - A.5.4 SATB on four staves
    - A.5.5 Solo verse and two-part refrain
    - A.5.6 Hymn tunes
    - A.5.7 Psalms
  - A.6 Orchestral templates
    - A.6.1 Orchestra, choir and piano
  - A.7 Ancient notation templates
    - A.7.1 Transcription of mensural music
    - A.7.2 Gregorian transcription template
  - A.8 Other templates
    - A.8.1 Jazz combo
- Appendix B GNU Free Documentation License
- Appendix C Index