Adapting builtin commands (Extending LilyPond)

#### Adapting builtin commands

A good way to start writing a new markup command, is to take example on a builtin one. Most of the markup commands provided with LilyPond can be found in file `scm/define-markup-commands.scm`.

For instance, we would like to adapt the `\draw-line` command, to draw a double line instead. The `\draw-line` command is defined as follow (documentation stripped):

    (define-markup-command (draw-line layout props dest)
      (number-pair?)
      #:category graphic
      #:properties ((thickness 1))
      "…documentation…"
      (let ((th (* (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'line-thickness)
                   thickness))
            (x (car dest))
            (y (cdr dest)))
        (make-line-stencil th 0 0 x y)))

To define a new command based on an existing one, copy the definition, and change the command name. The `#:category` keyword can be safely removed, as it is only used for generating LilyPond documentation, and is of no use for user-defined markup commands.

    (define-markup-command (draw-double-line layout props dest)
      (number-pair?)
      #:properties ((thickness 1))
      "…documentation…"
      (let ((th (* (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'line-thickness)
                   thickness))
            (x (car dest))
            (y (cdr dest)))
        (make-line-stencil th 0 0 x y)))

Then, a property for setting the gap between two lines is added, called `line-gap`, defaulting, e.g., to 0.6:

    (define-markup-command (draw-double-line layout props dest)
      (number-pair?)
      #:properties ((thickness 1)
                    (line-gap 0.6))
      "…documentation…"
      …

Finally, the code for drawing two lines is added. Two calls to `make-line-stencil` are used to draw the lines, and the resulting stencils are combined using `ly:stencil-add`:

>     #(define-markup-command (my-draw-line layout props dest)
>       (number-pair?)
>       #:properties ((thickness 1)
>                     (line-gap 0.6))
>       "..documentation.."
>       (let* ((th (* (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'line-thickness)
>                     thickness))
>              (dx (car dest))
>              (dy (cdr dest))
>              (w (/ line-gap 2.0))
>              (x (cond ((= dx 0) w)
>                       ((= dy 0) 0)
>                       (else (/ w (sqrt (+ 1 (* (/ dx dy) (/ dx dy))))))))
>              (y (* (if (< (* dx dy) 0) 1 -1)
>                    (cond ((= dy 0) w)
>                          ((= dx 0) 0)
>                          (else (/ w (sqrt (+ 1 (* (/ dy dx) (/ dy dx))))))))))
>          (ly:stencil-add (make-line-stencil th x y (+ dx x) (+ dy y))
>                          (make-line-stencil th (- x) (- y) (- dx x) (- dy y)))))

>     \markup \my-draw-line #'(4 . 3)
>     \markup \override #'(line-gap . 1.2) \my-draw-line #'(4 . 3)

#### Extending LilyPond v2.26.0 (stable-branch).

- 1 Scheme tutorial
  - 1.1 Introduction to Scheme
    - 1.1.1 Scheme sandbox
    - 1.1.2 Scheme variables
    - 1.1.3 Scheme simple data types
    - 1.1.4 Scheme compound data types
      - Pairs
      - Lists
      - Association lists (alists)
      - Hash tables
    - 1.1.5 Calculations in Scheme
    - 1.1.6 Scheme procedures
      - Defining procedures
      - Predicates
      - Return values
    - 1.1.7 Scheme conditionals
      - if
      - cond
  - 1.2 Scheme in LilyPond
    - 1.2.1 LilyPond Scheme syntax
    - 1.2.2 LilyPond variables
    - 1.2.3 Debugging Scheme code
    - 1.2.4 Input variables and Scheme
    - 1.2.5 Importing Scheme in LilyPond
    - 1.2.6 Object properties
    - 1.2.7 LilyPond compound variables
      - Offsets
      - Fractions
      - Extents
      - Property alists
      - Alist chains
    - 1.2.8 LilyPond’s box model
    - 1.2.9 Internal music representation
  - 1.3 Building complicated functions
    - 1.3.1 A first approach (example)
    - 1.3.2 Displaying music expressions
    - 1.3.3 Music properties
    - 1.3.4 Doubling a note with slurs (example)
    - 1.3.5 Adding articulation to notes (example)
- 2 Interfaces for programmers
  - 2.1 LilyPond code blocks
  - 2.2 Scheme functions
    - 2.2.1 Scheme function definitions
    - 2.2.2 Scheme function usage
    - 2.2.3 Void Scheme functions
  - 2.3 Music functions
    - 2.3.1 Music function definitions
    - 2.3.2 Music function usage
    - 2.3.3 Simple substitution functions
    - 2.3.4 Intermediate substitution functions
    - 2.3.5 Mathematics in functions
    - 2.3.6 Functions without arguments
    - 2.3.7 Void music functions
  - 2.4 Event functions
  - 2.5 Markup functions
    - 2.5.1 Markup construction in Scheme
    - 2.5.2 How markups work internally
    - 2.5.3 New markup command definition
      - Markup command definition syntax
      - On properties
      - A complete example
      - Adapting builtin commands
      - Converting markups to strings
    - 2.5.4 New markup list command definition
  - 2.6 Contexts for programmers
    - 2.6.1 Context evaluation
    - 2.6.2 Running a function on all layout objects
  - 2.7 Callback functions
  - 2.8 Unpure-pure containers
  - 2.9 Difficult tweaks
- 3 LilyPond Scheme interfaces
- Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License
- Appendix B Index