A.7.1 Transcription of mensural music (LilyPond Learning Manual)

#### A.7.1 Transcription of mensural music

When transcribing mensural music, an incipit at the beginning of the piece is useful to indicate the original key and tempo. While today musicians are used to bar lines in order to faster recognize rhythmic patterns, bar lines were not yet invented during the period of mensural music; in fact, the meter often changed after every few notes. As a compromise, bar lines are often printed between the staves rather than on the staves.

>     % A short excerpt from the Jubilate Deo by Orlande de Lassus

>     global = {
>       \set Score.skipBars = ##t
>       \key g \major
>       \time 4/4

>       % the actual music
>       \skip 1*8

>       % let finis bar go through all staves
>       \override Staff.BarLine.transparent = ##f

>       % finis bar
>       \bar "|."
>     }

>     discantusIncipit = \new PetrucciStaff {
>       \clef "petrucci-c1"
>       \key f \major
>       \time 2/2
>       c''1.
>     }

>     discantusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c'' {
>         \clef "treble"
>         d'2. d'4 |
>         b e' d'2 |
>         c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
>         a4) b a2 |
>         b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
>         \once \hide NoteHead
>         c'1 |
>         b\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       Ju -- bi -- la -- te De -- o,
>       om -- nis ter -- ra, __ om-
>       "..."
>       -us.
>     }

>     altusIncipit = \new PetrucciStaff {
>       \clef "petrucci-c3"
>       \key f \major
>       \time 2/2
>       e'1\rest f'1.
>     }

>     altusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c'' {
>         \clef "treble"
>         r2 g2. e4 fis g |
>         a2 g4 e |
>         fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
>         g1 |
>         \once \hide NoteHead
>         g1 |
>         g\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       Ju -- bi -- la -- te
>       De -- o, om -- nis ter -- ra,
>       "..."
>       -us.
>     }

>     tenorIncipit = \new PetrucciStaff {
>       \clef "petrucci-c4"
>       \key f \major
>       \time 2/2
>       r\longa
>       r\breve
>       r1 c'1.
>     }

>     tenorNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c' {
>         \clef "treble_8"
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         % two measures
>         r2 d'2. d'4 b e' |
>         \once \hide NoteHead
>         e'1 |
>         d'\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       Ju -- bi -- la -- te
>       "..."
>       -us.
>     }

>     bassusIncipit = \new PetrucciStaff {
>       % The original print shows the b flat
>       % for the f major key signature twice.
>       \override Staff.KeySignature.flat-positions = #'((-7 . 6))
>       \clef "mensural-f"
>       \key f\major
>       \time 2/2
>       \tweak Y-offset #1 r\longa \tweak Y-offset #1 r\longa
>       f1.
>     }

>     bassusNotes = {
>       \transpose c' c' {
>         \clef "bass"
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         R1 |
>         g2. e4 |
>         \once \hide NoteHead
>         e1 |
>         g\breve |
>       }
>     }

>     bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
>       Ju -- bi-
>       "..."
>       -us.
>     }

>     \score {
>       <<
>         \new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
>           \new Voice = "discantusNotes" <<
>             \set Staff.instrumentName = "Discantus"
>             \incipit #1 \discantusIncipit
>             \global
>             \discantusNotes
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
>           \new Voice = "altusNotes" <<
>             \set Staff.instrumentName = "Altus"
>             \global
>             \incipit #1 \altusIncipit
>             \altusNotes
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
>           \new Voice = "tenorNotes" <<
>             \set Staff.instrumentName = "Tenor"
>             \global
>             \incipit #1 \tenorIncipit
>             \tenorNotes
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
>           \new Voice = "bassusNotes" <<
>             \set Staff.instrumentName = "Bassus"
>             \global
>             \incipit #1 \bassusIncipit
>             \bassusNotes
>           >>
>           \new Lyrics \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
>         >>
>       >>
>       \layout {
>         \context {
>           \Score
>           %% no bar lines in staves or lyrics
>           \hide BarLine
>         }
>         %% the next two instructions keep the lyrics between the bar lines
>         \context {
>           \Lyrics
>           \consists "Bar_engraver"
>           \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
>         }
>         \context {
>           \Voice
>           %% no slurs
>           \hide Slur
>           %% Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
>           %% breaking also at those bar lines where a note overlaps
>           %% into the next measure.  The command is commented out in this
>           %% short example score, but especially for large scores, you
>           %% will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
>           %% overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
>           %%\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
>         }
>         indent = 5\cm
>         incipit-width = 2.5\cm
>       }
>     }

#### LilyPond Learning Manual v2.26.0 (stable-branch).

- 1 Installing
  - 1.1 Graphical setup
  - 1.2 Command line setup
- 2 Tutorial
  - 2.1 Compiling a file
  - 2.2 How to write input files
    - 2.2.1 Input characters
    - 2.2.2 Simple notation
      - Pitches
      - Durations (rhythms)
      - Rests
      - Time signature
      - Tempo marks
      - Clef
      - All together
    - 2.2.3 Working on input files
  - 2.3 Dealing with errors
  - 2.4 How to read the manuals
    - 2.4.1 Omitted material
    - 2.4.2 Clickable examples
    - 2.4.3 Overview of manuals
- 3 Common notation
  - 3.1 Single-staff notation
    - 3.1.1 Bar lines and bar checks
      - Bar lines
      - Bar checks
    - 3.1.2 Pitches and key signatures
      - Pitch alterations
      - Key signatures
      - Warning: key signatures and pitches
    - 3.1.3 Ties and slurs
      - Ties
      - Slurs
      - Phrasing slurs
      - Warnings: slurs vs. ties
    - 3.1.4 Articulations and dynamics
      - Articulations
      - Fingerings
      - Dynamics
    - 3.1.5 Adding text
    - 3.1.6 Automatic and manual beams
    - 3.1.7 Advanced rhythmic commands
      - Partial measure
      - Tuplets
      - Grace notes
  - 3.2 Multiple notes at once
    - 3.2.1 Music expressions explained
      - Analogy: mathematical expressions
      - Simultaneous music expressions: multiple staves
      - Simultaneous music expressions: single-staff
    - 3.2.2 Multiple staves
    - 3.2.3 Staff groups
    - 3.2.4 Combining notes into chords
    - 3.2.5 Single-staff polyphony
  - 3.3 Songs
    - 3.3.1 Setting simple songs
    - 3.3.2 Aligning lyrics to a melody
    - 3.3.3 Lyrics to multiple staves
  - 3.4 Final touches
    - 3.4.1 Organizing pieces with variables
    - 3.4.2 Adding titles
    - 3.4.3 Absolute note names
    - 3.4.4 After the tutorial
- 4 Fundamental concepts
  - 4.1 How LilyPond input files work
    - 4.1.1 Introduction to the LilyPond file structure
    - 4.1.2 A score is a (single) compound musical expression
    - 4.1.3 Nesting music expressions
    - 4.1.4 Structure of a note entry
    - 4.1.5 On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties
  - 4.2 Voices contain music
    - 4.2.1 I’m hearing voices
    - 4.2.2 Explicitly instantiating voices
    - 4.2.3 Voices and vocals
  - 4.3 Contexts and engravers
    - 4.3.1 Contexts explained
    - 4.3.2 Creating contexts
    - 4.3.3 Engravers explained
    - 4.3.4 Modifying context properties
    - 4.3.5 Adding and removing engravers
  - 4.4 Extending the templates
    - 4.4.1 Soprano and cello
    - 4.4.2 Four-part SATB vocal score
    - 4.4.3 Building a score from scratch
    - 4.4.4 Saving typing with variables and functions
    - 4.4.5 Scores and parts
- 5 Tweaking output
  - 5.1 Tweaking basics
    - 5.1.1 Objects and interfaces
    - 5.1.2 Naming conventions of objects and properties
    - 5.1.3 Tweaking methods
      - The `\override` command
      - The `\revert` command
      - The `\once` prefix
      - The `\tweak` and `\offset` commands
      - The `\single` prefix
  - 5.2 The Internals Reference manual
    - 5.2.1 Properties of layout objects
    - 5.2.2 Properties found in interfaces
    - 5.2.3 Types of properties
  - 5.3 Appearance of objects
    - 5.3.1 Visibility and color of objects
      - The `stencil` property
      - The `break-visibility` property
      - The `transparent` property
      - The `color` property
    - 5.3.2 Size of objects
    - 5.3.3 Length and thickness of objects
  - 5.4 Offsets and alignments
  - 5.5 Placement of objects
    - 5.5.1 Automatic behavior
    - 5.5.2 Within-staff objects
      - The `direction` property
      - Fingering
    - 5.5.3 Outside-staff objects
      - The `outside-staff-priority` property
      - The `\textLengthOn` command
      - Dynamics placement
      - Grob sizing
  - 5.6 Vertical spacing
  - 5.7 Collisions of objects
    - 5.7.1 Moving objects
    - 5.7.2 Fixing overlapping notation
      - The `padding` property
      - The `right-padding` property
      - The `staff-padding` property
      - The `self-alignment-X` property
      - The `staff-position` property
      - The `extra-offset` property
      - The `positions` property
      - The `force-hshift` property
    - 5.7.3 Real music example
  - 5.8 Further tweaking
    - 5.8.1 Other uses for tweaks
      - Tying notes across voices
      - Simulating a fermata in MIDI
    - 5.8.2 Using variables for layout adjustments
    - 5.8.3 Style sheets
    - 5.8.4 Other sources of information
    - 5.8.5 Advanced tweaks with Scheme
- Appendix A Templates
  - A.1 Built-in templates
    - A.1.1 SATB template
    - A.1.2 SSAATTBB template
  - A.2 Single staff templates
    - A.2.1 Notes only
    - A.2.2 Notes and lyrics
    - A.2.3 Notes and chords
    - A.2.4 Notes, lyrics, and chords
  - A.3 Piano templates
    - A.3.1 Solo piano
    - A.3.2 Piano and melody with lyrics
    - A.3.3 Piano-centered lyrics
  - A.4 String quartet templates
    - A.4.1 String quartet
    - A.4.2 String quartet parts
  - A.5 Vocal ensembles templates
    - A.5.1 SATB vocal score
    - A.5.2 SATB vocal score and automatic piano reduction
    - A.5.3 SATB with aligned contexts
    - A.5.4 SATB on four staves
    - A.5.5 Solo verse and two-part refrain
    - A.5.6 Hymn tunes
    - A.5.7 Psalms
  - A.6 Orchestral templates
    - A.6.1 Orchestra, choir and piano
  - A.7 Ancient notation templates
    - A.7.1 Transcription of mensural music
    - A.7.2 Gregorian transcription template
  - A.8 Other templates
    - A.8.1 Jazz combo
- Appendix B GNU Free Documentation License
- Appendix C Index