r3.neighbors(1)

NAME
r3.neighbors - Makes each voxel value a function of the values assigned to the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an output 3D raster map

KEYWORDS
raster3d, algebra, voxel, statistics, aggregation, neighbor, focal statistics, filter

SYNOPSIS
r3.neighbors
r3.neighbors --help
r3.neighbors input=name output=name method=string [quantile=float] window=x,y,z [--overwrite] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]

  Flags:

--overwrite
    Allow output files to overwrite existing files

--help
    Print usage summary

--verbose
    Verbose module output

--quiet
    Quiet module output

--ui
    Force launching GUI dialog

  Parameters:

input=name [required]
    Name of input 3D raster map

output=name [required]
    Name for output 3D raster map

method=string [required]
    Aggregate operation
    Options: average, median, mode, minimum, maximum, range, stddev, sum, count, variance, diversity, interspersion, quart1, quart3, perc90, quantile

quantile=float
    Quantile to calculate for method=quantile
    Options: 0.0-1.0

window=x,y,z [required]
    The size of the window in x, y and z direction, values must be odd integer numbers, eg: 3,3,3

DESCRIPTION
r3.neighbors looks at each voxel in a 3D raster input map layer, and examines the values assigned to the voxel in a user-defined "neighborhood" around it. It outputs a new 3D raster map in which each voxel is assigned a value that is a (user-specified) function of the values in that voxel’s neighborhood. For example, each voxel in the output map might be assigned a value equal to the average of the values appearing in its 3 x 3 x 3 voxel "neighborhood" in the input map layer.

  OPTIONS
The user must specify the names of the 3D raster map layers to be used for input and output, the method used to analyze neighborhood values (i.e., the neighborhood function or operation to be performed), and the moving window of the neighborhood.

Neighborhood Operation Methods: The neighborhood operators determine what new value a center voxel in a neighborhood will have after examining values inside its neighboring voxels. Each voxel in a 3D raster map layer becomes the center voxel of a neighborhood as the neighborhood window moves from voxel to voxel throughout the map layer. r3.neighbors can perform the following operations:

average
    The average value within the neighborhood.

median
    The value found half-way through a list of the neighborhood’s values, when these are ranged in numerical order.

mode
    The most frequently occurring value in the neighborhood.

minimum
    The minimum value within the neighborhood.

maximum
    The maximum value within the neighborhood.

range
    The range value within the neighborhood.

stddev
    The statistical standard deviation of values within the neighborhood.

sum
    The sum of values within the neighborhood.

variance
    The statistical variance of values within the neighborhood.

diversity
    The number of different values within the neighborhood.

interspersion
    The percentage of voxels containing values which differ from the values assigned to the center voxel in the neighborhood, plus 1.

Neighborhood Size: The neighborhood moving window specifies which voxel surrounding any given voxel fall into the neighborhood for that voxel. The window must be three comma separated odd integers. The dimension order is: x,y,z. For example: the parameter window=3,3,3 specifies a moving window (a cube) with 27 voxel.

NOTES
The r3.neighbors program works in the current geographic region. It is recommended, but not required, that the 3D resolution of the geographic region be the same as that of the 3D raster map layer.

r3.neighbors doesn’t propagate NULLs, but computes the aggregation over the non-NULL voxels in the neighborhood.

SEE ALSO
g.region, r.neighbors, r3.mapcalc, r3.stats, r3.support

AUTHOR
Soeren Gebbert

SOURCE CODE

Available at: r3.neighbors source code (history)

Accessed: Saturday May 09 13:00:58 2026

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